Nationalized Citizenship in Central European countries
| Název česky | Nacionalizovaný koncept občanství v zemích střední Evropy |
|---|---|
| Autoři | |
| Rok publikování | 2008 |
| Druh | Kapitola v knize |
| Fakulta / Pracoviště MU | |
| Citace | |
| Popis | Most of Central European countries remain these days, in-spite of entry into the EU and endless attempts of liberal oriented political minorities, ethnically defined countries with focus on ethnos except of demos. Countries such as Slovakia or Hungary remain locked in their ethnic definition brought either by historically traumatic experiences (Hungary) or by enthusiastic building of the independent nations after changes of 1989 (Slovakia). In Central European countries the process of national self-identification is still more on the ethnic and cultural side than on the civic and territorial one, a reality can be characterized by the notion Kulturnation (broad cultural community), rather than Staatsnation (self-determining political nation). Author argues that etnization of principles upon which the state is build does not lead to awaking of the exalted nationalism. Problems of most of Central European countries are attached to an existence of banal nationalism, to the depth and permanence of nationalistic practices rooted in everyday activities and rituals. Although there are differences in constitutional codifications among Central European countries, citizens of these countries remain reduced into the membership in one collectivity - ethnical one. Natural coexistence of different national identities or of national identity with other collective identities is being questioned in Central Europe. This paper analyzes discourses that lead to systemic nationalization of the concept of citizenship in Central European countries. Countries of Central Europe in some aspects neglect modern understanding of citizenship by, for instance, putting too much focus on rights of ex-patriots and communities living outside of the mother country. Confusion is visible mostly in inconsistent approaches to citizenship by mixing - ius soli and ius sanguinis principles. Author uses concepts of Jeffrey Alexander and his distinction of the core and out group within a society and evolutionist theory of Castles and Davidson to describe reasons behind deviation from egalitarian and inclusive concepts of citizenship. Author analyzes citizenship policies and trans-border affinities in Central Europe on the example of two countries - Slovakia and Hungary that are unfortunate examples of these phenomenons. Finally, author analyzes pre-conditions of shift from ethno-cultural to legal-political definition of a nation and potential for redefinition of the core solidarity based on ethnicity to core solidarity based on modern citizenship. |
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