The More the Merrier: Recent Hybridization and Polyploidy in Cardamine

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Authors	MANDÁKOVÁ Terezie KOVAŘÍK Aleš ZOZOMOVÁ-LIHOVÁ Judita SHIMIZU-INATSUGI Rie SHIMIZU Kentaro K. MUMMENHOFF Klaus MARHOLD Karol LYSÁK Martin
Year of publication	2013
Type	Article in Periodical
Magazine / Source	Plant Cell
MU Faculty or unit	Central European Institute of Technology
Citation
Web	http://www.plantcell.org/content/early/2013/09/30/tpc.113.114405.short?rss=1
Doi	http://dx.doi.org/10.1105/tpc.113.114405
Field	Genetics and molecular biology
Keywords	CHROMOSOME-NUMBER REDUCTION; MIXED-PLOIDY POPULATIONS; NUCLEAR RIBOSOMAL DNA; COMPARATIVE GENOMICS; ARABIDOPSIS-THALIANA; GENETIC-VARIATION; VASCULAR PLANTS; FLOW-CYTOMETRY; BRASSICACEAE; EVOLUTION
Attached files	Mandakova_Cardamine_Urnerboden_story_TPC2013.pdf
Description	This article describes the use of cytogenomic and molecular approaches to explore the origin and evolution of Cardamine schulzii, a textbook example of a recent allopolyploid, in its similar to 110-year history of human-induced hybridization and allopolyploidy in the Swiss Alps. Triploids are typically viewed as bridges between diploids and tetraploids but rarely as parental genomes of high-level hybrids and polyploids. The genome of the triploid semifertile hybrid Cardamine 3 insueta (2n = 24, RRA) was shown to combine the parental genomes of two diploid (2n = 2x = 16) species, Cardamine amara (AA) and Cardamine rivularis (RR). These parental genomes have remained structurally stable within the triploid genome over the > 100 years since its origin. Furthermore, we provide compelling evidence that the alleged recent polyploid C. schulzii is not an autohexaploid derivative of C. x insueta. Instead, at least two hybridization events involving C. x insueta and the hypotetraploid Cardamine pratensis (PPPP, 2n = 4x-2 = 30) have resulted in the origin of the trigenomic hypopentaploid (2n = 5x22 = 38, PPRRA) and hypohexaploid (2n = 6x-2 = 46, PPPPRA). These data show that the semifertile triploid hybrid can promote a merger of three different genomes and demonstrate how important it is to reexamine the routinely repeated textbook examples using modern techniques.
Related projects:	Evoluce genomu alopolyploidních řeřišnic (Cardamine) rozdílného fylogenetického stáří CEITEC - Central European Institute of Technology EVOGEN - Rozvoj výzkumné excelence v oblasti evoluční cytogenomiky, epigenetiky a buněčné signalizace