Currently and recently used pesticides in Central European arable soils

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Authors

HVĚZDOVÁ Martina KOSUBOVÁ Petra KOSIKOVA Monika BRANDSTÄTTER-SCHERR Kerstin ŠIMEK Zdeněk BRODSKY Lukas ŠUDOMA Marek ŠKULCOVÁ Lucia SÁŇKA Milan SVOBODOVÁ Markéta KRKOŠKOVÁ Lucia VAŠÍČKOVÁ Jana NEUWIRTHOVÁ Natália BIELSKÁ Lucie HOFMAN Jakub

Year of publication 2018
Type Article in Periodical
Magazine / Source Science of the Total Environment
MU Faculty or unit

Faculty of Science

Citation
Web https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0048969717323926?via%3Dihub
Doi http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2017.09.049
Keywords Arable soil monitoring; Multi-residue pesticide analysis; Currently used pesticides; Pesticide transformation products; Triazine herbicides; Conazole fungicides
Description Although large amounts of pesticides are used annually and amajority enters the soil to formshort-or long-term residues, extensive soil surveys for currently used pesticides (CUPs) are scarce. To determine the status of CUPs' occurrence in arable land in Central Europe, 51 CUPs and 9 transformation products (TPs) were analysed in 75 arable soils in the Czech Republic (CR) several months after the last pesticide application. Moreover, two banned triazines (simazine and atrazine) and their TPs were analysed because of their frequent detection in CR waters. Multi-residue pesticide analysis on LC-MS/MS after soil QuEChERS extraction was used. The soils contained multiple pesticide residues frequently (e.g. 51% soils with >= 5 pesticides). The levels were also noticeable (e.g. 36% soils with >= 3 pesticides exceeding the threshold of 0.01 mg/kg). After triazine herbicides (89% soils), conazole fungicides showed the second most frequent occurrence (73% soils) and also high levels (53% soils with total conazoles above 0.01 mg/kg). Frequent occurrence was found also for chloroacetanilide TPs (25% of soils), fenpropidin (20%) and diflufenican (17%). With the exception of triazines' negative correlation to soil pH, no clear relationships were found between pesticide occurrence and soil properties. Association of simazine TPs with terbuthylazine and its target crops proved the frequent residues of this banned compound originate from terbuthylazine impurities. In contrast, frequent atrazine-2-hydroxy residue is probably a legacy of high atrazine usage in the past. The occurrence and levels of compounds were closely associated with their solubility, hydrophobicity and half-life. The results showed links to CR water-monitoring findings. This study represents the first extensive survey of multiple pesticide residues in Central European arable soils, including an insight into their relationships to site and pesticide properties.
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