Méně časté mutace EGFR v kontextu léčby nemalobuněčného karcinomu plic

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Title in English Uncommon EGFR Mutations in Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer and Their Impact on the Treatment
Authors

BÍLEK Ondřej HOLÁNEK Miloš BERKOVCOVÁ J. HORKÝ O. KAZDA Tomáš ČOUPKOVÁ Helena ŠPELDA Stanislav KRISTKOVÁ L. ZVARÍKOVÁ Mária PODHOREC Ján BOŘILOVÁ Simona BOHOVICOVÁ Lucia ZDRAŽILOVÁ DUBSKÁ Lenka

Year of publication 2019
Type Article in Periodical
Magazine / Source Klinická onkologie
MU Faculty or unit

Faculty of Medicine

Citation
Web https://www.linkos.cz/casopis-klinicka-onkologie/2019-10-14-supplementum-3/mene-caste-mutace-egfr-v-kontextu-lecby-nemalobunecneho-karcinomu-plic/
Doi http://dx.doi.org/10.14735/amko20193S6
Keywords EGFR mutations; Epidermal growth factor receptor; Molecular targeted therapy; Non-small cell lung cancer; Tyrosine kinase inhibitors
Description Epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) mutations play an important role in the pathogenesis of non-small cell lung cancer. Because these alterations are so-called targetable mutations, their identification is important in daily clinical practice. The diagnostic standard of EGFR mutations is currently based on polymerase chain reaction methods, particularly the quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction. In recent years, new generation sequencing has become increasingly important. In patients with EGFR mutations, a significant improvement in therapeutic outcomes was achieved with the administration of targeted therapy using tyrosine kinase inhibitors. EGFR is composed of four domains: extracellular with a ligand binding site, a transmembrane domain, a cytoplasmic tyrosine kinase catalytic domain, and a C-terminal domain. The key structures of the tyrosine kinase domain responsible for signal activation and transmission are encoded within exons 18–21 on chromosome 7. EGFR mutations are highly heterogeneous. About 90% of EGFR mutations are deletions of exon 19 and point mutation L858R in exon 21. These are referred to as ‘classic’ mutations. Approximately 10% of the total number of EGFR mutations is attributable to less frequent alterations in the EGFR gene. Due to the low incidence of non-small cell lung cancer with less frequent EGFR mutations, information on their predictive significance is still incomplete. Most of the data for the treatment of cases with uncommon mutations were gathered from retrospective analyses and evaluations of small cohorts. Purpose: The aim of this review is to summarise the current options for diagnosing and treating non-small cell lung cancer patients with uncommon EGFR mutations.
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