Prognostic significance of lymphocyte patterns in multiple myeloma patients after autologous transplant

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Authors

ŠTORK Martin BEZDĚKOVÁ Renata KRÁLOVÁ Romana SANDECKÁ Viera ADAM Zdeněk KREJČÍ Marta BOICHUK Ivanna KNECHTOVÁ Zdeňka BROŽOVÁ Lucie ŠEVČÍKOVÁ Sabina ŘÍHOVÁ Lucie POUR Luděk

Year of publication 2021
Type Article in Periodical
Magazine / Source Neoplasma
MU Faculty or unit

Faculty of Medicine

Citation
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Doi http://dx.doi.org/10.4149/neo_2021_200814N861
Keywords multiple myeloma; minimal residual disease; lymphocyte; flow cytometry
Description Despite the high efficacy of current induction regimens, most multiple myeloma (MM) patients relapse over time. The link between changes in the immune system and the prognosis of the disease is still not entirely clear. Therefore, we analyzed whether the pattern of bone marrow (BM) lymphocytes during routine BM examination after autologous stem cell transplant (ASCT) is related to disease prognosis or MRD negative complete remission. From 2009 to 2018, 98 MM patients underwent routine BM testing after the first ASCT. Using multi-parametric flow cytometry, twelve BM lymphocyte subtypes were analyzed. In 60% of patients who achieved a complete response (CR), MRD by flow cytometric analysis (sensitivity threshold 10-6) was evaluated. We found an association of relative proportion of BM lymphocyte subtypes with treatment response, progression-free survival (PFS), overall survival (OS), and minimal residual disease (MRD) negativity. Higher relative proportion of memory B cells was associated with inferior median PFS [HR 1.089 (95% CI: 1.023-1.160), p=0.0081 and median OS [HR 1.170 (95% CI: 1.074-1.274), p<0.001]. In non-responding patients (minimal response and worse), higher proportion of memory B cells was found when compared to patients achieving CR [3.8% (range 0.5-35.0) vs. 1.0% (range 0.1-12.5); p=0.0011. No significant association of BM lymphocyte subtypes proportion with MRD negative CR was found. Our results show that changes in BM lymphocyte subsets including memory B cells may have prognostic value in MM patients after ASCT.
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